Supplemental Paper S‑05: Unification of Factorial System via Three-Channel Π Operators: Operator Formalization of Combinatorics, Factorials and the Gamma Function Author: Suhang Zhang Abstract Factorials, combinatorial counting and th...
--- Part III: Subordination Relations, Nesting Rules, and Cross-Layer Mapping Systems for Hierarchical Sets Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan Abstract Building upon the establishment of the hierarchically nested set paradigm and the three-l...
Proof that Continuous Lie Groups are Special Cases of Discrete Groups from a Recursive Geometry Perspective
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
Abstract
Classical group theory divides discrete groups and continuous Lie groups into two ...
Geometric Recursive Conservation Chain System: Reframing and Extending Classical Group Symmetry Theory
Classical physics established a binding paradigm of continuous symmetry group – Noethe...
Proof of the P vs. NP Problem within the DOG/MOC/ECS/MIE Framework
Author: Zhang Suhang Address: Luoyang, Henan
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The P vs. NP problem is a central open question in theoretical computer science, asking whether every prob...
Convergence of the Solution to the Discrete Riccati Equation with Respect to Sampling Period Author: Suhang Zhang Luoyang Abstract
This paper rigorously proves that as the sampling period h\to 0^+, the solution of the disc...
Multi-Origin High-Dimensional Geometry and the Chip Revolution: From the Two-Dimensional Dead End to One-Stroke High-Dimensional ConnectivityAll core bottlenecks of modern chips—routing congestion, signal interference, heat concentration, timing d...
The Pacific Ocean is a gift from God. The circular motion of ocean currents, combined with the rotation of the Earth, produces two superimposed centrifugal effects. Together they create exactly the same phenomenon as Newton’s bucket experiment. ...
Paper 3-3: Ramanujan's Series for 1/\pi and Higher-Order Periodic Channels of the \Pi Operator
Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics）
Ramanujan derived numerous elegant and rapidly convergent series for 1/\pi, wh...
Paper 5: Stochastic Processes and Geometric Flows: From Random Walks to Brownian Motion and Quantum Probability Author: Zhang Suhang Affiliation: Luoyang, Henan Abstract This paper extends the probability-geometry isomorphism frame...
Paper 4-3: A Study on the Complementarity between the Π-Operator and Classical Differential OperatorsAuthor: Suhang Zhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics）Abstract Classical differential operators including gradient, divergence, curl, Laplacia...
Papers 3-4: Number-Theoretic Mapping of Modular Forms, Elliptic Functions and the Π Operator
Author: Suhang Zhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics） Abstract
Modular forms and elliptic functions are core objects in number theory and comple...
Core Applications of MOC Multi-Origin High-Dimensional Geometry in Giant Satellite Constellation Networking 1. Pain Points and Root Causes Low-Earth orbit (LEO) giant constellations (Starlink, China Starnet, etc.) face three rigid constrai...
So Mighty is the Pull: Reflections on Mechanics
So mighty is the pull, so vast its spirit. For millennia, humanity's quest to understand the forces of the universe has carried this indomitable resolve.
Starting from the sages who came before...
Pure Theoretical Derivation of the Coupling Perturbation Term \delta\vec{K}_{ij} and Three-Body Closure Proof in the MOC System
Author: Zhang Suhang Affiliation: Independent Researcher (Luoyang)
Based on the three ...
Numbers are dancing points.Functions are floating lines.Geometry is manifolds and fluids.
Application of MOC Multi-Origin High-Dimensional Geometry in Thermal Infrared Imaging Abstract: Aiming at the common engineering problems in current thermal infrared imaging, such as multi-source thermal interference, atmospheric and optical t...
The Impact of Multi-Origin High-Dimensional Geometry on Radar DesignIn modern national defense and detection systems, radar has long been more than a device for detecting targets. It serves as a core strategic equipment supporting battlefield situ...
The Essential Meaning of Sets in the Multi-Origin High-Dimensional SystemIn traditional Euclidean geometry and classical set theory, a set is merely a container for points and elements, attached to a single global origin. All coordinates, metrics,...
A Physical Proof of the Isoperimetric Problem —— On the Isomorphism with the Method for the Poincaré Conjecture Abstract This paper presents a complete proof strategy for the isoperimetric problem: by introducing the potential energy E = ...
--- Conclusion: Low-Energy Approximation in the DOG System Simultaneously Conforms to the MIE Extremum Criterion and the ECS Symmetric Equilibrium Steady State — A Triple Self-Consistent Closed Loop Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan --- I. ...
DOG Discrete Lattice Unified Four-Force System: Completeness Conclusion for Quantitative Computation
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang
Core Conclusion
The unified four-force mathematical-physical system based on Discrete Order Geome...
Paper 1-1: Core Definition and Symbol System of the \mathcal{\Pi} Operator
Author: Zhang Suhang Founder of the Luoyang School of Mathematics
As one of the most vital constants in the history of mathematics, \pi has long been c...
--- Resolution of the Barber Paradox within the MOC (Multi-Origin Curvature) Geometric Framework
Author: Zhang Suhang
The Barber paradox (a popular version of Russell's paradox) reveals the logical contradiction arising from "se...
Lorentz Covariant Extension of the Geometric Progressive Conservation Law: Unification of Classical and Relativistic Conservation Author: Zhang SuhangAffiliation: Luoyang, Henan --- Abstract The Geometric Progressive Conservation Law (GPCL)...
Paper 9: The Riemann–Roch Theorem under UPGS — A Geometric Proof Based on the Étale Heat Kernel, MIE Variational Principle, and ECS Conservation Laws
Author: Zhang Suhang Affiliation: Luoyang, Henan Date: May 25, 2026
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Part Three: Fractal-Coefficient Coupled Evolution —— Synchronous Mapping from Numerical Parameters to Graphical Forms
Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang, Henan)
Abstract Based on the analogical framework and axiomatic system establish...
Interstellar Corridor (Part I): A Foundational Theory of Low-Energy Interstellar Travel Based on Natural Spacetime Curvature Gradients Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang Abstract Current interstellar travel theories face core dilemmas: extremely l...
The Origin of π in Spacetime Geometry within the DOG Discrete Order Geometry Framework
Since ancient times, humanity has understood the circumference ratio π only throug...
Discrete Order Geometry (DOG): A Geometric Paradigm Based on Fractal Nesting and Continued Fraction Scaling
Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang
Traditional geometric systems (Euclidean geometry, Riemannian geometry) and classical fract...