18 四个基本力分别对应的守恒

毕苏林
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爱科学,也爱文艺;重逻辑,也重情感。以最硬核的科幻为壳,写最柔软的人间故事。愿以文字为桥,结识品味相投的读友。
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2026/04/14
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四个基本力对应的守恒律

 

1. 强相互作用(Strong Interaction)

 

- 对应守恒律:- 色荷守恒(Color charge conservation)

- 重子数守恒(Baryon number conservation)

- 同位旋守恒(Isospin conservation,高能近似下)

- 奇异数、粲数、底数、顶数守恒(Flavor quantum numbers conserved in strong processes)

 

 

 

2. 电磁相互作用(Electromagnetic Interaction)

 

- 对应守恒律:- 电荷守恒(Electric charge conservation)

- 能量、动量、角动量守恒

- 所有味量子数(轻子数、重子数、夸克味)均守恒

 

 

 

3. 弱相互作用(Weak Interaction)

 

- 对应守恒律:- 总轻子数守恒、总重子数守恒

- 不守恒:宇称 P、电荷共轭 C、同位旋、奇异数、粲数等味量子数

- 弱作用中仅弱超荷相关整体对称性保持,规范对称自发破缺

 

 

 

4. 引力相互作用(Gravitation)

 

- 对应守恒律:- 能量–动量守恒(Energy–momentum conservation)

- 角动量守恒(Angular momentum conservation)

- 广义相对论中对应时空平移、旋转对称性

 

 

 

简明对应总结

 

- 强相互作用 → 色荷守恒、味量子数守恒

- 电磁相互作用 → 电荷守恒

- 弱相互作用 → 轻子数/重子数守恒(宇称、味不守恒)

- 引力 → 能量动量、角动量守恒

 


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